New Vermiculite Suppliers Boost Availability, but Market Increasingly Reliant on China for Coarse Grades

By Roskill Information Services, PRNE
Wednesday, October 19, 2011

LONDON, October 20, 2011 -

Roskill Information Services

Ultralightweight Aggregates: Global industry markets and outlook, 2011 (1st edition)

The main markets for ultralightweight aggregates (perlite, vermiculite and pumice) are in construction, insulation and horticulture.  These industries take advantage of their low density, good insulation, inertness and fire resistance. Total consumption of ultralightweight aggregates was estimated at almost 14.5Mt in 2009, split between perlite (3.5Mt), vermiculite (0.6Mt) and pumice (10.3Mt).

Growth in consumption of perlite and vermiculite has been dominated by Asia over the last five years, as construction levels in the more mature economies of Europe and North America have fallen. Pumice consumption is more heavily influenced by local availability; Europe and the Middle East account for more than 50% of demand.

In the medium to long term a recovery in construction activity in developed economies will result in increased demand for vermiculite and pumice, but competitive materials such as polystyrene and mineral wool insulation could affect growth levels.  The rising price of perlite and vermiculite could see an increase in pumice use in horticultural applications.

China, Greece, Turkey and the USA together accounted for 80% of world perlite output in 2009. S&B Industrial Minerals is the largest producing company, with operations in Europe and China; World Minerals in the USA and IPM Iperlit in Turkey are also major producers. The production base in China comprises of many small producers.

Vermiculite production is concentrated in South Africa (41% of world output in 2009), the USA (21%) and China (21%). Palabora Mining Company in South Africa is the largest vermiculite supplier worldwide. W.R. Grace and Virginia Vermiculite in the USA and Xinjian Yuli Xinlong in China are also major producers.

Production of pumice is concentrated in Turkey, Germany, Greece, Chile and the USA.  Production is estimated at 10.6Mt for 2009, but variable definitions for volcanic rocks complicate the supply picture.  Major producers include Soylu and Ücler Mining in Turkey, Lava Mining in Greece, and Gebrüder Zieglowski and Kann Baustoffwerke in Germany.

Prices for expanded perlite vary from US$200-560/t and are driven mainly by the costs of expanding the mineral. Pumice prices were US$40/t FOB Turkey in 2009 but are probably much lower in domestic markets. The price of unexpanded vermiculite concentrate has almost doubled since 2008, reaching US$400-850/t FOB Antwerp in mid-2011. Prices for coarse grade material, which is in short supply due to declining output from Palabora in South Africa, have risen most sharply.

Vermiculite supply from new producers, such as Gulf Industrials in Uganda and Brazil Minérios, should offset future declines in output from Palabora and meet forecast growth in demand.  However, the availability of coarse material will remain constrained due to only small amounts of coarse grade material being supplied from these new mines.  Unless more consistent supply from China is forthcoming, consumers will have to substitute coarser grades for finer grades or be forced to accept increasingly higher prices.

Ultralightweight Aggregates: Global industry markets and outlook, 1st edition, 2011 is available at £3300 / US$5400 / €4600 from Roskill Information Services Ltd, 54 Russell Road, London SW19 1QL ENGLAND. Tel: +44 20 8417 0087. Fax +44 20 8417 1308 Email: info@roskill.co.uk Web: www.roskill.com/ultralightweight-aggregate

Note to editors

The report contains 302 pages, 217 tables and 84 figures. It provides a detailed review of the industry, with subsections on the activities of the leading producing companies. It also analyses consumption, trade and prices.

    Table of Contents
    1         Summary                                                     1

    2         Occurrence and reserves of perlite                          4
    2.1       Reserves of perlite                                         4

    3         Mining and processing of perlite                            7
    3.1       Mining and beneficiation of perlite                         7
    3.2       Expansion of perlite                                        9
    3.2.1     Perlite microspheres                                       12

    4         World production of perlite                                14
    4.1       Commercially unexploited perlite deposits                  16
    4.2       Production capacity for unexpanded perlite by company      17

    5         Producers and processors of perlite by country             20
    5.1       Algeria                                                    20
    5.2       Argentina                                                  20
    5.2.1     Cooperativa de Trabajo de Minaclar Limitada                20
    5.2.2     Multiquim SRL                                              21
    5.2.3     Perfiltra SA                                               21
    5.2.4     Other producers of perlite in Argentina                    22
    5.2.5     Perlite expanders in Argentina                             22
    5.3       Armenia                                                    22
    5.3.1     Dicalite Armenia                                           23
    5.3.2     Levadan LLC                                                23
    5.3.3     Perlite expanders in Armenia                               23
    5.4       Australia                                                  24
    5.4.1     Australian Perlite Pty Limited                             24
    5.4.2     Chillagoe Perlite                                          24
    5.4.3     X-Cut Tunnelling Pty Ltd                                   25
    5.5       Austria                                                    25
    5.5.1     Stauss-Perlite GmbH                                        25
    5.5.2     Other perlite expanders in Austria                         25
    5.6       Belarus                                                    25
    5.7       Belgium                                                    25
    5.7.1     Dicalite Europe NV                                         26
    5.7.2     Other perlite expanders in Austria                         26
    5.8       Brazil                                                     26
    5.9       Bulgaria                                                   26
    5.9.1     S&B Industrial Minerals AD                                 27
    5.1       Canada                                                     28
    5.10.1    Perlite expanders in Canada                                29
    5.10.1.1  Perlite Canada                                             30
    5.11      Chile                                                      30
    5.11.1    Harborlite Chile Ltda                                      31
    5.12      China                                                      31
    5.12.1    Reserves of perlite in China                               31
    5.12.2    Production of perlite in China                             32
    5.12.3    Producers of perlite in China                              33
    5.12.3.1  CITIC Perlite Mining Group                                 33
    5.12.3.2  Guangzhou Fanyu Shengda Suinan Co Ltd                      34
    5.12.3.3  Henan Jiuxin Perlite Industries Ltd                        34
    5.12.3.4  Henan Zhongnan Filter Aid Co Ltd                           34
    5.12.3.5  Jiangmen Wanhao Perlite                                    35
    5.12.3.6  KD Xinyang New Materials Co Ltd                            35
    5.12.3.7  Kunshan Kyungdong Ceratech Co Ltd                          35
    5.12.3.8  S&B (Henan) Industrial Minerals / Xinyang Athenian Mining  35
    5.12.3.9  Xiediren Functional Material Inc.                          36
    5.12.3.10 Xinyang Huayu Industry Co Ltd                              36
    5.12.3.11 Xinyang Huitong Perlite                                    36
    5.12.3.12 Xinyang Shangtianti Nonmetallic Mining                     37
    5.12.3.13 Xinyang Zhongxin Perlite Insulation Material Factory       37
    5.12.3.14 Other producers of unexpanded perlite in China             37
    5.12.4    Perlite expanders in China                                 37
    5.13      Croatia                                                    38
    5.14      Cyprus                                                     38
    5.15      Czech Republic                                             38
    5.15.1    Perlite expanders in the Czech Republic                    39
    5.16      Denmark                                                    39
    5.17      Djibouti                                                   39
    5.18      Egypt                                                      39
    5.19      France                                                     39
    5.19.1    Perlite expanders in France                                40
    5.2       Georgia                                                    40
    5.21      Germany                                                    40
    5.22      Greece                                                     41
    5.22.1    Aegean Perlite SA                                          44
    5.22.2    Bouras Company                                             45
    5.22.3    S&B Industrial Minerals SA                                 45
    5.22.4    Perlite expanders in Greece                                48
    5.23      Hungary                                                    48
    5.23.1    Perlit-92 Kft                                              49
    5.23.2    Perlite expanders in Hungary                               49
    5.24      India                                                      49
    5.24.1    Perlite expanders in India                                 50
    5.25      Indonesia                                                  50
    5.26      Iran                                                       51
    5.26.1    Azer Perlite                                               51
    5.27      Israel                                                     51
    5.28      Italy                                                      52
    5.28.1    Sarda Perlite Srl                                          52
    5.28.2    Perlite expanders in Italy                                 52
    5.29      Japan                                                      53
    5.29.1    Mitsui Sumitomo Metal Mining Brass & Copper                53
    5.29.2    Other perlite mining companies in Japan                    53
    5.29.3    Perlite expanders in Japan                                 54
    5.3       South Korea                                                54
    5.31      Malaysia                                                   55
    5.32      Mexico                                                     55
    5.32.1    Aislantes del Pacifico                                     55
    5.32.2    Cia Minera Oriental and Dicalite de México                 55
    5.32.3    Industrias de Perlita                                      56
    5.32.4    Perlita de la Laguna                                       56
    5.32.5    Termolita                                                  56
    5.33      Morocco                                                    57
    5.33.1    Perlite Roche                                              57
    5.34      Mozambique                                                 58
    5.35      Netherlands                                                58
    5.36      New Zealand                                                58
    5.36.1    Blue Pacific Minerals                                      58
    5.36.2    Industrial Processors                                      59
    5.37      Norway                                                     59
    5.38      Philippines                                                59
    5.38.1    Induplex                                                   59
    5.38.2    Pacific Non-Metallic Processors                            60
    5.38.3    United Perlite Corporation                                 60
    5.38.4    US-Asia Pacific Minerals                                   60
    5.39      Poland                                                     60
    5.4       Romania                                                    62
    5.41      Russia                                                     62
    5.41.1    JSC Kamchatskstroimaterialy                                63
    5.41.2    JSC Perlit                                                 63
    5.41.3    Perlite expanders in Russia                                64
    5.42      Saudi Arabia                                               65
    5.43      Serbia                                                     65
    5.44      Slovakia                                                   65
    5.44.1    LB Minerals                                                66
    5.44.2    Other perlite expanders in Slovakia                        66
    5.45      South Africa                                               66
    5.45.1    Pratley Perlite Mining Co (Pty) Ltd                        67
    5.45.2    Chemserve Perlite                                          67
    5.46      Spain                                                      67
    5.47      Syria                                                      68
    5.48      Taiwan                                                     69
    5.49      Tajikistan                                                 69
    5.5       Thailand                                                   69
    5.51      Turkey                                                     69
    5.51.1    Akper Madencilik                                           70
    5.51.2    Bergama Mining Company                                     70
    5.51.3    Eti Mine                                                   71
    5.51.4    Harborlite Aegean Endüstri AS                              71
    5.51.5    IPM Iperlit Mining and Construction Co Ltd                 72

    5.51.6    Pabalk Maden Sanayi ve Ticaret AS / Saba Madencilik Sanayi
              ve Ticaret AS                                              73
    5.51.7    Pergem Mineral Mining Industry and Trade SA                73
    5.51.8    PerlitaÅŸ Istanbul Perlit Sanayi ve Ticaret AS             73
    5.51.9    Uzay Perlit Maden ve Kimya                                 73
    5.51.10   Other perlite mining companies in Turkey                   74
    5.51.11   Perlite expanders in Turkey                                74
    5.52      Ukraine                                                    74
    5.52.1    The Perlite Group                                          75
    5.52.2    Perlite expanders in Ukraine                               75
    5.53      UK                                                         76
    5.53.1    Perlite expanders in the UK                                77
    5.54      USA                                                        78
    5.54.1    Reserves of perlite in the USA                             78
    5.54.2    Production of unexpanded perlite in the USA                78
    5.54.3    Producers of unexpanded perlite in the USA                 80
    5.54.3.1  American Perlite Company                                   80
    5.54.3.2  Cornerstone Industrial Minerals Corporation                81
    5.54.3.3  Dicalite-Dicaperl Minerals, Inc.                           83
    5.54.3.4  EP Minerals LLC                                            85
    5.54.3.5  Idaho Minerals LLC                                         86
    5.54.3.6  Supreme Perlite                                            86
    5.54.3.7  Wilkins Mining and Trucking, Inc.                          86
    5.54.3.8  World Minerals, Inc.                                       87
    5.54.4    Production of expanded perlite in the USA                  88
    5.54.5    Perlite expanders in the USA                               90
    5.54.6    Other perlite organisations in the USA                     91

    6         International trade in perlite                             92
    6.1       Exports of perlite from Greece                             93
    6.2       Exports of perlite from Turkey                             95
    6.3       Exports of perlite from China                              97
    6.4       Exports of perlite from Italy                              97
    6.5       Exports of perlite from Hungary                            97
    6.6       Exports of perlite from the USA                            98
    6.7       Exports of perlite from other countries                    98

    7         World consumption of perlite                               99
    7.1       Consumption of perlite in the Americas                    101
    7.1.1     USA                                                       101
    7.1.2     Canada                                                    103
    7.1.3     Other countries                                           103
    7.2       Consumption of perlite in Africa                          103
    7.3       Consumption of perlite in the Middle East                 104
    7.4       Consumption of perlite in the FSU                         104
    7.5       Consumption of perlite in Asia                            105
    7.6       Consumption of perlite in Europe                          105

    8         Occurrence and reserves of vermiculite                    107
    8.1       Reserves of vermiculite                                   108

    9         Mining and processing of vermiculite                      109
    9.1       Mining and concentration of vermiculite                   109
    9.2       Exfoliation of vermiculite                                112

    10        World production of vermiculite                           115
    10.1      Commercially unexploited vermiculite deposits             118
    10.2      Production capacity for vermiculite by company            118

    11        Producers and processors of vermiculite by country
              and company                                               120
    11.1      Argentina                                                 120
    11.2      Australia                                                 120
    11.2.1    Imerys Vermiculite                                        122
    11.2.2    Flinders Diamonds Limited                                 123
    11.2.3    Bisley and Company Pty Ltd                                123
    11.2.4    Vermiculite exfoliators in Australia                      123
    11.3      Austria                                                   123
    11.4      Belarus                                                   124
    11.5      Belgium                                                   124
    11.6      Brazil                                                    124
    11.6.1    Brasil Minérios Ltda                                      126
    11.6.2    Eucatex SA Indústria e Comércio                           128
    11.6.3    Mineração Phoenix                                         128
    11.6.4    Mineração Urimamã                                         128
    11.6.5    União Brasileira de Mineração                             128
    11.6.6    Vermiculite exfoliators in Brazil                         128
    11.7      Bulgaria                                                  129
    11.7.1    Europack Ltd                                              129
    11.7.2    Helix EOOD                                                129
    11.8      Canada                                                    129
    11.8.1    Hedman Resources Ltd                                      130
    11.8.2    Regis Resources, Inc.                                     131
    11.8.3    IBI Corporation                                           132
    11.8.4    Vermiculite exfoliators in Canada                         132
    11.9      China                                                     133
    11.9.1    Reserves of vermiculite in China                          133
    11.9.2    Production of vermiculite in China                        134
    11.9.3    Producers of vermiculite in China                         135
    11.9.3.1  Lingshou County Xinfa Mineral Company                     135
    11.9.3.2  Lingshou Minerals Co                                      135
    11.9.3.3  Shijiazhuang Chenxing Industry Co                         135
    11.9.3.4  Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, No. 33 Corps  135
    11.9.3.5  Xinjiang Yuli Xinlong Vermiculite                         135
    11.9.3.6  Other vermiculite producers in China                      136
    11.9.3.7  Vermiculite distributors in China                         136
    11.9.3.8  Vermiculite exfoliators in China                          136
    11.1      Czech Republic                                            136
    11.11     Denmark                                                   137
    11.12     Egypt                                                     137
    11.12.1   El Nasr Mining Company                                    138
    11.12.2   Egyptian Vermiculite Industry                             138
    11.13     Finland                                                   138
    11.14     France                                                    139
    11.15     Germany                                                   139
    11.16     Greece                                                    140
    11.17     India                                                     140
    11.17.1   Andhra Phosphate Pvt Ltd                                  141
    11.17.2   Dugar Insulation India Pvt Ltd                            141
    11.17.3   Premier Mica                                              142
    11.17.4   Sri Ramamaruthi Vermiculite Mines                         142
    11.17.5   Tamil Nadu Minerals Ltd                                   143
    11.17.6   Other vermiculite exfoliators and distributors in India   143
    11.18     Indonesia                                                 144
    11.19     Iran                                                      144
    11.2      Ireland                                                   145
    11.21     Israel                                                    145
    11.22     Italy                                                     145
    11.23     Japan                                                     146
    11.24     Kazakhstan                                                146
    11.25     Kenya                                                     146
    11.26     South Korea                                               147
    11.27     Malawi                                                    147
    11.28     Malaysia                                                  148
    11.29     Mexico                                                    148
    11.3      Netherlands                                               148
    11.31     New Zealand                                               149
    11.32     Pakistan                                                  149
    11.33     Poland                                                    149
    11.34     Portugal                                                  149
    11.35     Russia                                                    150
    11.35.1   JSC Kovdorslyuda                                          151
    11.35.2   LLC Uralvermikulit                                        153
    11.35.3   Vermiculite exfoliators and distributors in Russia        154
    11.36     Saudi Arabia                                              155
    11.37     Singapore                                                 155
    11.38     Slovenia                                                  155
    11.39     South Africa                                              156
    11.39.1   Palabora Mining Co Ltd                                    157
    11.39.2   Natkruit Vermiculite Mine (Pty) Ltd                       161
    11.39.3   Vermiculite exfoliators in South Africa                   162
    11.4      Spain                                                     162
    11.41     Sweden                                                    162
    11.42     Switzerland                                               163
    11.43     Taiwan                                                    163
    11.44     Thailand                                                  163
    11.45     Uganda                                                    163
    11.45.1   Gulf Industrials Limited                                  164
    11.46     Ukraine                                                   165
    11.47     UK                                                        165
    11.47.1   Vermiculite exfoliators in the UK                         166
    11.48     USA                                                       166
    11.48.1   Reserves of vermiculite in the USA                        167
    11.48.2   Production of vermiculite in the USA                      167
    11.48.3   Trade in vermiculite concentrate in the USA               169
    11.48.4   Environmental regulation of vermiculite in the USA        170
    11.48.5   Producers of vermiculite in the USA                       171
    11.48.5.1 W.R. Grace Corporation                                    171
    11.48.5.2 Virginia Vermiculite LLC                                  174
    11.48.5.3 Potential producers of vermiculite in the USA             174
    11.48.6   Distributors of vermiculite in the USA                    175
    11.48.7   Exfoliators of vermiculite in the USA                     175
    11.49     Uzbekistan                                                177
    11.5      Zimbabwe                                                  178
    11.50.1   Imerys Vermiculite                                        178

    12        International trade in vermiculite                        180
    12.1      Exports of vermiculite from South Africa                  180
    12.2      Exports of vermiculite from China                         182
    12.3      Exports of vermiculite from the USA                       184
    12.4      Exports of vermiculite from Zimbabwe                      185
    12.5      Exports of vermiculite from Brazil                        186
    12.6      Exports of vermiculite from Australia                     187
    12.7      Exports of vermiculite from Russia                        187
    12.8      Exports of vermiculite from India                         188
    12.9      Exports of vermiculite from Uganda                        189

    13        Consumption of vermiculite                                191
    13.1      Consumption of vermiculite in the Americas                193
    13.1.1    USA                                                       193
    13.1.2    Canada                                                    195
    13.1.3    Brazil                                                    195
    13.2      Consumption of vermiculite in Africa                      196
    13.3      Consumption of vermiculite in the Middle East             196
    13.4      Consumption of vermiculite in the FSU                     196
    13.5      Consumption of vermiculite in Asia and Oceania            197
    13.6      Consumption of vermiculite in Europe                      198

    14        Occurrence and reserves of pumice                         200

    15        Mining and processing of pumice                           202

    16        World production of pumice/pumicite                       203
    16.1      Production of pumice/pumicite by company                  205

    17        Producers and processors of pumice by country and company 208
    17.1      Argentina                                                 208
    17.2      Burkina Faso                                              208
    17.3      Canada                                                    208
    17.3.1    Garibaldi Pumice Ltd                                      209
    17.3.2    Great Pacific Pumice, Inc.                                209
    17.3.3    Lightweight Advanced Volcanic Aggregates, Inc.            209
    17.4      Chile                                                     209
    17.4.1    Cemento Polpaico                                          210
    17.4.2    Cementos Bío Bío SA                                       210
    17.4.3    Compañía Minera Soledad Ltda                              210
    17.4.4    Harborlite Chile Ltda                                     210
    17.4.5    Melón SA                                                  211
    17.5      Costa Rica                                                211
    17.6      Dominica                                                  211
    17.7      Ecuador                                                   211
    17.8      Eritrea                                                   212
    17.9      Ethiopia                                                  212
    17.9.1    Derba MIDROC Cement                                       212
    17.9.2    National Cement Share Company                             212
    17.1      France                                                    212
    17.10.1   Dugour et Fils                                            213
    17.10.2   Pouzzolanes des Dômes SARL                                213
    17.10.3   Other producers of pumice                                 213
    17.11     Georgia                                                   213
    17.12     Germany                                                   214
    17.12.1   Aktiengesellschaft für Steinindustrie AG                  214
    17.12.2   Gebrüder Zieglowski GmbH & Co KG                          215
    17.12.3   KANN Baustoffwerke GmbH                                   215
    17.12.4   Other producers of pumice                                 215
    17.13     Greece                                                    215
    17.13.1   Lava Mining and Quarrying                                 216
    17.14     Guadeloupe                                                217
    17.15     Guatemala                                                 217
    17.16     Iceland                                                   218
    17.16.1   Jardefnaidnadur ehf                                       218
    17.16.2   Pumice Products Ltd                                       219
    17.17     Indonesia                                                 219
    17.17.1   Chin Yong Ceramic Pte Ltd                                 220
    17.17.2   Lombok Pumice Stone                                       220
    17.17.3   Other producers of pumice                                 220
    17.18     Iran                                                      221
    17.18.1   Gulf Pumice                                               221
    17.18.2   Malar Pumice Company                                      222
    17.18.3   Other producers of pumice                                 222
    17.19     Italy                                                     223
    17.19.1   Europomice SRO                                            223
    17.2      Japan                                                     224
    17.21     Martinique                                                225
    17.22     Mexico                                                    225
    17.23     Montserrat                                                225
    17.24     New Zealand                                               225
    17.24.1   Byfords Construction Company Ltd                          226
    17.24.2   Industrial Processors Ltd                                 226
    17.24.3   Pacific Pumice                                            226
    17.24.4   Perry Aggregates Ltd                                      227
    17.25     Philippines                                               227
    17.26     Spain                                                     227
    17.27     Tanzania                                                  228
    17.28     Turkey                                                    228
    17.28.1   Agrosan TarIm Ürünleri DIS Ticaret Sanayi ve Ticaret Ltd  229
    17.28.2   Bimaks Mining Industry and Trade                          229
    17.28.3   Metas Mining                                              229
    17.28.4   Soylu Endüstriyel Mineraller Üretim ve DIS Ticaret AS     230
    17.28.5   Star Ltd                                                  230
    17.28.6   Üçler Madencilik Ithalat Ihracat Sanayi ve Ticaret Ltd    231
    17.29     USA                                                       231
    17.29.1   Amcor Precast                                             234
    17.29.2   California Industrial Minerals                            234
    17.29.3   California Lightweight Pumice, Inc.                       234
    17.29.4   Calvert Corporation                                       235
    17.29.5   Cascade Pumice                                            235
    17.29.6   Copar Pumice Company                                      235
    17.29.7   CR Minerals LLC                                           235
    17.29.8   Glass Mountain Pumice, Inc.                               235
    17.29.9   Hess Pumice                                               236
    17.29.10  Kansas Minerals, Inc.                                     237
    17.29.11  Producers Pumice                                          237
    17.29.12  Sierra Cascade LLC                                        237
    17.29.13  Superlite Block, Inc.                                     237
    17.29.14  Tufflite                                                  237
    17.29.15  US Pumice Company                                         237
    17.29.16  Utility Block Company, Inc.                               238
    17.3      Yemen                                                     238

    18        International trade in pumice/pumicite                    239
    18.1      Exports of pumice/pumicite from Turkey                    239
    18.2      Exports of pumice/pumicite from Germany                   241
    18.3      Exports of pumice/pumicite from Greece                    242
    18.4      Exports of pumice/pumicite from Indonesia                 243
    18.5      Exports of pumice/pumicite from Iceland                   244
    18.6      Exports of pumice/pumicite from Japan                     245
    18.7      Exports of pumice/pumicite from other countries           245

    19        World consumption of pumice/pumicite                      246
    19.1      Consumption of pumice/pumicite in the Americas            248
    19.2      Consumption of pumice/pumicite in Africa                  250
    19.3      Consumption of pumice/pumicite in the Middle East         250
    19.4      Consumption of pumice/pumicite in Asia Pacific            250
    19.5      Consumption of pumice/pumicite in Europe                  250

    20        End uses for perlite, vermiculite and pumice              252
    20.1      Use of ultralightweight aggregates in building products   253
    20.1.1    Use of ultralightweight aggregates in building boards     254
    20.1.1.1  Silicate bound boards                                     254
    20.1.1.2  Calcium silicate boards                                   255
    20.1.1.3  Insulation boards                                         256
    20.1.1.4  Consumption of ultralightweight aggregates in building
              boards                                                    256
    20.1.1.5  Future prospects for the consumption of ultralightweight
              aggregates in building boards                             256
    20.1.2    Use of ultralightweight aggregates in general building
              plasters                                                  257
    20.1.2.1  Consumption of ultralightweight aggregates in general
              building plasters                                         258
    20.1.2.2  Future prospects for the consumption of ultralightweight
              aggregates in general building plasters                   258
    20.1.3    Use of ultralightweight aggregates in specialist plasters 259
    20.1.3.1  Consumption of ultralightweight aggregates in specialist
              plasters                                                  260
    20.1.3.2  Future prospects for the consumption of ultralightweight
              aggregates in specialist plasters                         260
    20.1.4    Use of ultralightweight aggregates in specialist mortars  260
    20.1.4.1  Consumption of ultralightweight aggregates in specialist
              mortars                                                   260
    20.1.4.2  Future prospects for the consumption of ultralightweight
              aggregates in specialist mortars                          261
    20.1.5    Use of ultralightweight aggregates in screeds (roof and
              floor) and insulating concretes                           261
    20.1.5.1  Consumption of ultralightweight aggregates in screeds and
              insulating concretes                                      262
    20.1.5.2  Future prospects for the consumption of ultralightweight
              aggregates in screeds and insulating concretes            262
    20.1.6    Use of ultralightweight aggregates in masonry
              block/loose fill insulation and loft insulation           262
    20.1.6.1  Consumption of ultralightweight aggregates in loose fill
              insulation and loft insulation                            263
    20.1.6.2  Future prospects for the consumption of ultralightweight
              aggregates in loose fill insulation and loft insulation   263
    20.1.7    Use of ultralightweight aggregates in concrete
              blocks/sections                                           263
    20.1.7.1  Consumption of ultralightweight aggregates in concrete
              blocks/sections                                           264
    20.1.7.2  Future prospects for the consumption of ultralightweight
              aggregates in concrete blocks/sections                    264
    20.1.8    Use of ultralightweight aggregates in acoustic tiles      264
    20.1.8.1  Consumption of ultralightweight aggregates in acoustic
              tiles                                                     265
    20.1.8.2  Future prospects for the consumption of ultralightweight
              aggregates in acoustic tiles                              265
    20.1.9    Use of ultralightweight aggregates in filler applications 265
    20.1.9.1  Consumption of ultralightweight aggregates in filler
              applications                                              266

    20.1.9.2  Future prospects for the consumption of ultralightweight
              aggregates in filler applications                         266
    20.2      Use of ultralightweight aggregates in horticulture        267
    20.2.1    Use of ultralightweight aggregates in growing media       267
    20.2.2    Use of ultralightweight aggregates in hydroponics         268
    20.2.3    Use of ultralightweight aggregates in seed germination    268
    20.2.4    Use of ultralightweight aggregates in
              fertilisers/pesticides                                    268
    20.2.5    Consumption of ultralightweight aggregates in horticultural
              applications                                              268
    20.2.6    Future prospects for the consumption of ultralightweight
              aggregates in horticultural applications                  269
    20.3      Use of ultralightweight aggregates in industrial
              applications                                              269
    20.3.1    Use of ultralightweight aggregates in high temperature
              insulation pre-formed shapes                              269
    20.3.2    Consumption of ultralightweight aggregates in high
              temperature insulation shapes                             271
    20.3.3    Use of ultralightweight aggregates in friction linings    271
    20.3.3.1  Consumption of ultralightweight aggregates in friction
              linings                                                   271
    20.3.3.2  Future prospects for the consumption of ultralightweight
              aggregates in friction linings                            271
    20.3.4    Use of ultralightweight aggregates in refractory and high
              temperature insulation concretes/mortars                  272
    20.3.5    Use of ultralightweight aggregates in dispersions         273
    20.3.6    Use of ultralightweight aggregates in
              paints/mastics/sealants/plastics                          273
    20.3.7    Use of ultralightweight aggregates in waste treatment     274
    20.3.8    Use of ultralightweight aggregates in filtration          274
    20.3.8.1  Consumption of ultralightweight aggregates in filtration  275
    20.3.8.2  Future prospects for the consumption of ultralightweight
              aggregates in filtration                                  276
    20.3.9    Use of ultralightweight aggregates in cryogenic
              insulation                                                276
    20.3.10   Other uses for ultralightweight aggregates                277
    20.3.10.1 Abrasives                                                 277
    20.3.10.2 Absorbents                                                277
    20.3.10.3 Animal feed                                               278
    20.3.10.4 Chemical feedstocks                                       278
    20.3.10.5 Hot topping                                               278
    20.3.10.6 Mine sealants                                             278
    20.3.10.7 Stonewashing                                              279
    20.3.10.8 Well drilling fluids                                      279

    21        Prices of perlite, vermiculite and pumice                 280
    21.1      Pricing for the perlite processor (expander)              280
    21.2      Pricing for the perlite end user                          280
    21.3      Published perlite prices                                  282
    21.3.1    US prices of perlite                                      282
    21.3.1.1  Unexpanded perlite                                        282
    21.3.1.2  Expanded perlite                                          283
    21.3.2    UK prices of perlite                                      285
    21.3.3    Greek prices of perlite                                   286
    21.3.4    Turkish prices of perlite                                 286
    21.3.5    Hungarian prices of perlite                               287
    21.4      Future price trends for perlite                           287
    21.5      Pricing for the vermiculite processor (exfoliator)        288
    21.6      Pricing for the vermiculite end user                      289
    21.7      Published vermiculite prices                              290
    21.7.1    US prices of vermiculite                                  290
    21.7.2    South African prices of vermiculite                       291
    21.7.3    Chinese prices of vermiculite                             293
    21.7.4    Other prices of vermiculite                               294
    21.8      Future price trends for vermiculite                       295
    21.9      Pricing for the pumice/pumicite processor                 296
    21.1      Pricing for the pumice/pumicite end user                  296
    21.11     Published pumice/pumicite prices                          297
    21.11.1   US prices of pumice/pumicite                              297
    21.11.2   Turkish prices of pumice/pumicite                         299
    21.11.3   German prices of pumice/pumicite                          300
    21.11.4   Greek prices of pumice/pumicite                           301
    21.12     Future price trends for pumice/pumicite                   302

For further information or a review copy of this report, please contact Robert Baylis (robert@roskill.co.uk).  To receive press releases via email, please contact Prakash Ramachandran (prakash@roskill.co.uk).

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