New Vermiculite Suppliers Boost Availability, but Market Increasingly Reliant on China for Coarse Grades
By Roskill Information Services, PRNEWednesday, October 19, 2011
LONDON, October 20, 2011 -
Roskill Information Services
Ultralightweight Aggregates: Global industry markets and outlook, 2011 (1st edition)
The main markets for ultralightweight aggregates (perlite, vermiculite and pumice) are in construction, insulation and horticulture. These industries take advantage of their low density, good insulation, inertness and fire resistance. Total consumption of ultralightweight aggregates was estimated at almost 14.5Mt in 2009, split between perlite (3.5Mt), vermiculite (0.6Mt) and pumice (10.3Mt).
Growth in consumption of perlite and vermiculite has been dominated by Asia over the last five years, as construction levels in the more mature economies of Europe and North America have fallen. Pumice consumption is more heavily influenced by local availability; Europe and the Middle East account for more than 50% of demand.
In the medium to long term a recovery in construction activity in developed economies will result in increased demand for vermiculite and pumice, but competitive materials such as polystyrene and mineral wool insulation could affect growth levels. The rising price of perlite and vermiculite could see an increase in pumice use in horticultural applications.
China, Greece, Turkey and the USA together accounted for 80% of world perlite output in 2009. S&B Industrial Minerals is the largest producing company, with operations in Europe and China; World Minerals in the USA and IPM Iperlit in Turkey are also major producers. The production base in China comprises of many small producers.
Vermiculite production is concentrated in South Africa (41% of world output in 2009), the USA (21%) and China (21%). Palabora Mining Company in South Africa is the largest vermiculite supplier worldwide. W.R. Grace and Virginia Vermiculite in the USA and Xinjian Yuli Xinlong in China are also major producers.
Production of pumice is concentrated in Turkey, Germany, Greece, Chile and the USA. Production is estimated at 10.6Mt for 2009, but variable definitions for volcanic rocks complicate the supply picture. Major producers include Soylu and Ücler Mining in Turkey, Lava Mining in Greece, and Gebrüder Zieglowski and Kann Baustoffwerke in Germany.
Prices for expanded perlite vary from US$200-560/t and are driven mainly by the costs of expanding the mineral. Pumice prices were US$40/t FOB Turkey in 2009 but are probably much lower in domestic markets. The price of unexpanded vermiculite concentrate has almost doubled since 2008, reaching US$400-850/t FOB Antwerp in mid-2011. Prices for coarse grade material, which is in short supply due to declining output from Palabora in South Africa, have risen most sharply.
Vermiculite supply from new producers, such as Gulf Industrials in Uganda and Brazil Minérios, should offset future declines in output from Palabora and meet forecast growth in demand. However, the availability of coarse material will remain constrained due to only small amounts of coarse grade material being supplied from these new mines. Unless more consistent supply from China is forthcoming, consumers will have to substitute coarser grades for finer grades or be forced to accept increasingly higher prices.
Ultralightweight Aggregates: Global industry markets and outlook, 1st edition, 2011 is available at £3300 / US$5400 / €4600 from Roskill Information Services Ltd, 54 Russell Road, London SW19 1QL ENGLAND. Tel: +44 20 8417 0087. Fax +44 20 8417 1308 Email: info@roskill.co.uk Web: www.roskill.com/ultralightweight-aggregate
Note to editors
The report contains 302 pages, 217 tables and 84 figures. It provides a detailed review of the industry, with subsections on the activities of the leading producing companies. It also analyses consumption, trade and prices.
Table of Contents 1 Summary 1 2 Occurrence and reserves of perlite 4 2.1 Reserves of perlite 4 3 Mining and processing of perlite 7 3.1 Mining and beneficiation of perlite 7 3.2 Expansion of perlite 9 3.2.1 Perlite microspheres 12 4 World production of perlite 14 4.1 Commercially unexploited perlite deposits 16 4.2 Production capacity for unexpanded perlite by company 17 5 Producers and processors of perlite by country 20 5.1 Algeria 20 5.2 Argentina 20 5.2.1 Cooperativa de Trabajo de Minaclar Limitada 20 5.2.2 Multiquim SRL 21 5.2.3 Perfiltra SA 21 5.2.4 Other producers of perlite in Argentina 22 5.2.5 Perlite expanders in Argentina 22 5.3 Armenia 22 5.3.1 Dicalite Armenia 23 5.3.2 Levadan LLC 23 5.3.3 Perlite expanders in Armenia 23 5.4 Australia 24 5.4.1 Australian Perlite Pty Limited 24 5.4.2 Chillagoe Perlite 24 5.4.3 X-Cut Tunnelling Pty Ltd 25 5.5 Austria 25 5.5.1 Stauss-Perlite GmbH 25 5.5.2 Other perlite expanders in Austria 25 5.6 Belarus 25 5.7 Belgium 25 5.7.1 Dicalite Europe NV 26 5.7.2 Other perlite expanders in Austria 26 5.8 Brazil 26 5.9 Bulgaria 26 5.9.1 S&B Industrial Minerals AD 27 5.1 Canada 28 5.10.1 Perlite expanders in Canada 29 5.10.1.1 Perlite Canada 30 5.11 Chile 30 5.11.1 Harborlite Chile Ltda 31 5.12 China 31 5.12.1 Reserves of perlite in China 31 5.12.2 Production of perlite in China 32 5.12.3 Producers of perlite in China 33 5.12.3.1 CITIC Perlite Mining Group 33 5.12.3.2 Guangzhou Fanyu Shengda Suinan Co Ltd 34 5.12.3.3 Henan Jiuxin Perlite Industries Ltd 34 5.12.3.4 Henan Zhongnan Filter Aid Co Ltd 34 5.12.3.5 Jiangmen Wanhao Perlite 35 5.12.3.6 KD Xinyang New Materials Co Ltd 35 5.12.3.7 Kunshan Kyungdong Ceratech Co Ltd 35 5.12.3.8 S&B (Henan) Industrial Minerals / Xinyang Athenian Mining 35 5.12.3.9 Xiediren Functional Material Inc. 36 5.12.3.10 Xinyang Huayu Industry Co Ltd 36 5.12.3.11 Xinyang Huitong Perlite 36 5.12.3.12 Xinyang Shangtianti Nonmetallic Mining 37 5.12.3.13 Xinyang Zhongxin Perlite Insulation Material Factory 37 5.12.3.14 Other producers of unexpanded perlite in China 37 5.12.4 Perlite expanders in China 37 5.13 Croatia 38 5.14 Cyprus 38 5.15 Czech Republic 38 5.15.1 Perlite expanders in the Czech Republic 39 5.16 Denmark 39 5.17 Djibouti 39 5.18 Egypt 39 5.19 France 39 5.19.1 Perlite expanders in France 40 5.2 Georgia 40 5.21 Germany 40 5.22 Greece 41 5.22.1 Aegean Perlite SA 44 5.22.2 Bouras Company 45 5.22.3 S&B Industrial Minerals SA 45 5.22.4 Perlite expanders in Greece 48 5.23 Hungary 48 5.23.1 Perlit-92 Kft 49 5.23.2 Perlite expanders in Hungary 49 5.24 India 49 5.24.1 Perlite expanders in India 50 5.25 Indonesia 50 5.26 Iran 51 5.26.1 Azer Perlite 51 5.27 Israel 51 5.28 Italy 52 5.28.1 Sarda Perlite Srl 52 5.28.2 Perlite expanders in Italy 52 5.29 Japan 53 5.29.1 Mitsui Sumitomo Metal Mining Brass & Copper 53 5.29.2 Other perlite mining companies in Japan 53 5.29.3 Perlite expanders in Japan 54 5.3 South Korea 54 5.31 Malaysia 55 5.32 Mexico 55 5.32.1 Aislantes del Pacifico 55 5.32.2 Cia Minera Oriental and Dicalite de México 55 5.32.3 Industrias de Perlita 56 5.32.4 Perlita de la Laguna 56 5.32.5 Termolita 56 5.33 Morocco 57 5.33.1 Perlite Roche 57 5.34 Mozambique 58 5.35 Netherlands 58 5.36 New Zealand 58 5.36.1 Blue Pacific Minerals 58 5.36.2 Industrial Processors 59 5.37 Norway 59 5.38 Philippines 59 5.38.1 Induplex 59 5.38.2 Pacific Non-Metallic Processors 60 5.38.3 United Perlite Corporation 60 5.38.4 US-Asia Pacific Minerals 60 5.39 Poland 60 5.4 Romania 62 5.41 Russia 62 5.41.1 JSC Kamchatskstroimaterialy 63 5.41.2 JSC Perlit 63 5.41.3 Perlite expanders in Russia 64 5.42 Saudi Arabia 65 5.43 Serbia 65 5.44 Slovakia 65 5.44.1 LB Minerals 66 5.44.2 Other perlite expanders in Slovakia 66 5.45 South Africa 66 5.45.1 Pratley Perlite Mining Co (Pty) Ltd 67 5.45.2 Chemserve Perlite 67 5.46 Spain 67 5.47 Syria 68 5.48 Taiwan 69 5.49 Tajikistan 69 5.5 Thailand 69 5.51 Turkey 69 5.51.1 Akper Madencilik 70 5.51.2 Bergama Mining Company 70 5.51.3 Eti Mine 71 5.51.4 Harborlite Aegean Endüstri AS 71 5.51.5 IPM Iperlit Mining and Construction Co Ltd 72 5.51.6 Pabalk Maden Sanayi ve Ticaret AS / Saba Madencilik Sanayi ve Ticaret AS 73 5.51.7 Pergem Mineral Mining Industry and Trade SA 73 5.51.8 PerlitaÅŸ Istanbul Perlit Sanayi ve Ticaret AS 73 5.51.9 Uzay Perlit Maden ve Kimya 73 5.51.10 Other perlite mining companies in Turkey 74 5.51.11 Perlite expanders in Turkey 74 5.52 Ukraine 74 5.52.1 The Perlite Group 75 5.52.2 Perlite expanders in Ukraine 75 5.53 UK 76 5.53.1 Perlite expanders in the UK 77 5.54 USA 78 5.54.1 Reserves of perlite in the USA 78 5.54.2 Production of unexpanded perlite in the USA 78 5.54.3 Producers of unexpanded perlite in the USA 80 5.54.3.1 American Perlite Company 80 5.54.3.2 Cornerstone Industrial Minerals Corporation 81 5.54.3.3 Dicalite-Dicaperl Minerals, Inc. 83 5.54.3.4 EP Minerals LLC 85 5.54.3.5 Idaho Minerals LLC 86 5.54.3.6 Supreme Perlite 86 5.54.3.7 Wilkins Mining and Trucking, Inc. 86 5.54.3.8 World Minerals, Inc. 87 5.54.4 Production of expanded perlite in the USA 88 5.54.5 Perlite expanders in the USA 90 5.54.6 Other perlite organisations in the USA 91 6 International trade in perlite 92 6.1 Exports of perlite from Greece 93 6.2 Exports of perlite from Turkey 95 6.3 Exports of perlite from China 97 6.4 Exports of perlite from Italy 97 6.5 Exports of perlite from Hungary 97 6.6 Exports of perlite from the USA 98 6.7 Exports of perlite from other countries 98 7 World consumption of perlite 99 7.1 Consumption of perlite in the Americas 101 7.1.1 USA 101 7.1.2 Canada 103 7.1.3 Other countries 103 7.2 Consumption of perlite in Africa 103 7.3 Consumption of perlite in the Middle East 104 7.4 Consumption of perlite in the FSU 104 7.5 Consumption of perlite in Asia 105 7.6 Consumption of perlite in Europe 105 8 Occurrence and reserves of vermiculite 107 8.1 Reserves of vermiculite 108 9 Mining and processing of vermiculite 109 9.1 Mining and concentration of vermiculite 109 9.2 Exfoliation of vermiculite 112 10 World production of vermiculite 115 10.1 Commercially unexploited vermiculite deposits 118 10.2 Production capacity for vermiculite by company 118 11 Producers and processors of vermiculite by country and company 120 11.1 Argentina 120 11.2 Australia 120 11.2.1 Imerys Vermiculite 122 11.2.2 Flinders Diamonds Limited 123 11.2.3 Bisley and Company Pty Ltd 123 11.2.4 Vermiculite exfoliators in Australia 123 11.3 Austria 123 11.4 Belarus 124 11.5 Belgium 124 11.6 Brazil 124 11.6.1 Brasil Minérios Ltda 126 11.6.2 Eucatex SA Indústria e Comércio 128 11.6.3 Mineração Phoenix 128 11.6.4 Mineração Urimamã 128 11.6.5 União Brasileira de Mineração 128 11.6.6 Vermiculite exfoliators in Brazil 128 11.7 Bulgaria 129 11.7.1 Europack Ltd 129 11.7.2 Helix EOOD 129 11.8 Canada 129 11.8.1 Hedman Resources Ltd 130 11.8.2 Regis Resources, Inc. 131 11.8.3 IBI Corporation 132 11.8.4 Vermiculite exfoliators in Canada 132 11.9 China 133 11.9.1 Reserves of vermiculite in China 133 11.9.2 Production of vermiculite in China 134 11.9.3 Producers of vermiculite in China 135 11.9.3.1 Lingshou County Xinfa Mineral Company 135 11.9.3.2 Lingshou Minerals Co 135 11.9.3.3 Shijiazhuang Chenxing Industry Co 135 11.9.3.4 Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, No. 33 Corps 135 11.9.3.5 Xinjiang Yuli Xinlong Vermiculite 135 11.9.3.6 Other vermiculite producers in China 136 11.9.3.7 Vermiculite distributors in China 136 11.9.3.8 Vermiculite exfoliators in China 136 11.1 Czech Republic 136 11.11 Denmark 137 11.12 Egypt 137 11.12.1 El Nasr Mining Company 138 11.12.2 Egyptian Vermiculite Industry 138 11.13 Finland 138 11.14 France 139 11.15 Germany 139 11.16 Greece 140 11.17 India 140 11.17.1 Andhra Phosphate Pvt Ltd 141 11.17.2 Dugar Insulation India Pvt Ltd 141 11.17.3 Premier Mica 142 11.17.4 Sri Ramamaruthi Vermiculite Mines 142 11.17.5 Tamil Nadu Minerals Ltd 143 11.17.6 Other vermiculite exfoliators and distributors in India 143 11.18 Indonesia 144 11.19 Iran 144 11.2 Ireland 145 11.21 Israel 145 11.22 Italy 145 11.23 Japan 146 11.24 Kazakhstan 146 11.25 Kenya 146 11.26 South Korea 147 11.27 Malawi 147 11.28 Malaysia 148 11.29 Mexico 148 11.3 Netherlands 148 11.31 New Zealand 149 11.32 Pakistan 149 11.33 Poland 149 11.34 Portugal 149 11.35 Russia 150 11.35.1 JSC Kovdorslyuda 151 11.35.2 LLC Uralvermikulit 153 11.35.3 Vermiculite exfoliators and distributors in Russia 154 11.36 Saudi Arabia 155 11.37 Singapore 155 11.38 Slovenia 155 11.39 South Africa 156 11.39.1 Palabora Mining Co Ltd 157 11.39.2 Natkruit Vermiculite Mine (Pty) Ltd 161 11.39.3 Vermiculite exfoliators in South Africa 162 11.4 Spain 162 11.41 Sweden 162 11.42 Switzerland 163 11.43 Taiwan 163 11.44 Thailand 163 11.45 Uganda 163 11.45.1 Gulf Industrials Limited 164 11.46 Ukraine 165 11.47 UK 165 11.47.1 Vermiculite exfoliators in the UK 166 11.48 USA 166 11.48.1 Reserves of vermiculite in the USA 167 11.48.2 Production of vermiculite in the USA 167 11.48.3 Trade in vermiculite concentrate in the USA 169 11.48.4 Environmental regulation of vermiculite in the USA 170 11.48.5 Producers of vermiculite in the USA 171 11.48.5.1 W.R. Grace Corporation 171 11.48.5.2 Virginia Vermiculite LLC 174 11.48.5.3 Potential producers of vermiculite in the USA 174 11.48.6 Distributors of vermiculite in the USA 175 11.48.7 Exfoliators of vermiculite in the USA 175 11.49 Uzbekistan 177 11.5 Zimbabwe 178 11.50.1 Imerys Vermiculite 178 12 International trade in vermiculite 180 12.1 Exports of vermiculite from South Africa 180 12.2 Exports of vermiculite from China 182 12.3 Exports of vermiculite from the USA 184 12.4 Exports of vermiculite from Zimbabwe 185 12.5 Exports of vermiculite from Brazil 186 12.6 Exports of vermiculite from Australia 187 12.7 Exports of vermiculite from Russia 187 12.8 Exports of vermiculite from India 188 12.9 Exports of vermiculite from Uganda 189 13 Consumption of vermiculite 191 13.1 Consumption of vermiculite in the Americas 193 13.1.1 USA 193 13.1.2 Canada 195 13.1.3 Brazil 195 13.2 Consumption of vermiculite in Africa 196 13.3 Consumption of vermiculite in the Middle East 196 13.4 Consumption of vermiculite in the FSU 196 13.5 Consumption of vermiculite in Asia and Oceania 197 13.6 Consumption of vermiculite in Europe 198 14 Occurrence and reserves of pumice 200 15 Mining and processing of pumice 202 16 World production of pumice/pumicite 203 16.1 Production of pumice/pumicite by company 205 17 Producers and processors of pumice by country and company 208 17.1 Argentina 208 17.2 Burkina Faso 208 17.3 Canada 208 17.3.1 Garibaldi Pumice Ltd 209 17.3.2 Great Pacific Pumice, Inc. 209 17.3.3 Lightweight Advanced Volcanic Aggregates, Inc. 209 17.4 Chile 209 17.4.1 Cemento Polpaico 210 17.4.2 Cementos Bío Bío SA 210 17.4.3 Compañía Minera Soledad Ltda 210 17.4.4 Harborlite Chile Ltda 210 17.4.5 Melón SA 211 17.5 Costa Rica 211 17.6 Dominica 211 17.7 Ecuador 211 17.8 Eritrea 212 17.9 Ethiopia 212 17.9.1 Derba MIDROC Cement 212 17.9.2 National Cement Share Company 212 17.1 France 212 17.10.1 Dugour et Fils 213 17.10.2 Pouzzolanes des Dômes SARL 213 17.10.3 Other producers of pumice 213 17.11 Georgia 213 17.12 Germany 214 17.12.1 Aktiengesellschaft für Steinindustrie AG 214 17.12.2 Gebrüder Zieglowski GmbH & Co KG 215 17.12.3 KANN Baustoffwerke GmbH 215 17.12.4 Other producers of pumice 215 17.13 Greece 215 17.13.1 Lava Mining and Quarrying 216 17.14 Guadeloupe 217 17.15 Guatemala 217 17.16 Iceland 218 17.16.1 Jardefnaidnadur ehf 218 17.16.2 Pumice Products Ltd 219 17.17 Indonesia 219 17.17.1 Chin Yong Ceramic Pte Ltd 220 17.17.2 Lombok Pumice Stone 220 17.17.3 Other producers of pumice 220 17.18 Iran 221 17.18.1 Gulf Pumice 221 17.18.2 Malar Pumice Company 222 17.18.3 Other producers of pumice 222 17.19 Italy 223 17.19.1 Europomice SRO 223 17.2 Japan 224 17.21 Martinique 225 17.22 Mexico 225 17.23 Montserrat 225 17.24 New Zealand 225 17.24.1 Byfords Construction Company Ltd 226 17.24.2 Industrial Processors Ltd 226 17.24.3 Pacific Pumice 226 17.24.4 Perry Aggregates Ltd 227 17.25 Philippines 227 17.26 Spain 227 17.27 Tanzania 228 17.28 Turkey 228 17.28.1 Agrosan TarIm Ürünleri DIS Ticaret Sanayi ve Ticaret Ltd 229 17.28.2 Bimaks Mining Industry and Trade 229 17.28.3 Metas Mining 229 17.28.4 Soylu Endüstriyel Mineraller Üretim ve DIS Ticaret AS 230 17.28.5 Star Ltd 230 17.28.6 Üçler Madencilik Ithalat Ihracat Sanayi ve Ticaret Ltd 231 17.29 USA 231 17.29.1 Amcor Precast 234 17.29.2 California Industrial Minerals 234 17.29.3 California Lightweight Pumice, Inc. 234 17.29.4 Calvert Corporation 235 17.29.5 Cascade Pumice 235 17.29.6 Copar Pumice Company 235 17.29.7 CR Minerals LLC 235 17.29.8 Glass Mountain Pumice, Inc. 235 17.29.9 Hess Pumice 236 17.29.10 Kansas Minerals, Inc. 237 17.29.11 Producers Pumice 237 17.29.12 Sierra Cascade LLC 237 17.29.13 Superlite Block, Inc. 237 17.29.14 Tufflite 237 17.29.15 US Pumice Company 237 17.29.16 Utility Block Company, Inc. 238 17.3 Yemen 238 18 International trade in pumice/pumicite 239 18.1 Exports of pumice/pumicite from Turkey 239 18.2 Exports of pumice/pumicite from Germany 241 18.3 Exports of pumice/pumicite from Greece 242 18.4 Exports of pumice/pumicite from Indonesia 243 18.5 Exports of pumice/pumicite from Iceland 244 18.6 Exports of pumice/pumicite from Japan 245 18.7 Exports of pumice/pumicite from other countries 245 19 World consumption of pumice/pumicite 246 19.1 Consumption of pumice/pumicite in the Americas 248 19.2 Consumption of pumice/pumicite in Africa 250 19.3 Consumption of pumice/pumicite in the Middle East 250 19.4 Consumption of pumice/pumicite in Asia Pacific 250 19.5 Consumption of pumice/pumicite in Europe 250 20 End uses for perlite, vermiculite and pumice 252 20.1 Use of ultralightweight aggregates in building products 253 20.1.1 Use of ultralightweight aggregates in building boards 254 20.1.1.1 Silicate bound boards 254 20.1.1.2 Calcium silicate boards 255 20.1.1.3 Insulation boards 256 20.1.1.4 Consumption of ultralightweight aggregates in building boards 256 20.1.1.5 Future prospects for the consumption of ultralightweight aggregates in building boards 256 20.1.2 Use of ultralightweight aggregates in general building plasters 257 20.1.2.1 Consumption of ultralightweight aggregates in general building plasters 258 20.1.2.2 Future prospects for the consumption of ultralightweight aggregates in general building plasters 258 20.1.3 Use of ultralightweight aggregates in specialist plasters 259 20.1.3.1 Consumption of ultralightweight aggregates in specialist plasters 260 20.1.3.2 Future prospects for the consumption of ultralightweight aggregates in specialist plasters 260 20.1.4 Use of ultralightweight aggregates in specialist mortars 260 20.1.4.1 Consumption of ultralightweight aggregates in specialist mortars 260 20.1.4.2 Future prospects for the consumption of ultralightweight aggregates in specialist mortars 261 20.1.5 Use of ultralightweight aggregates in screeds (roof and floor) and insulating concretes 261 20.1.5.1 Consumption of ultralightweight aggregates in screeds and insulating concretes 262 20.1.5.2 Future prospects for the consumption of ultralightweight aggregates in screeds and insulating concretes 262 20.1.6 Use of ultralightweight aggregates in masonry block/loose fill insulation and loft insulation 262 20.1.6.1 Consumption of ultralightweight aggregates in loose fill insulation and loft insulation 263 20.1.6.2 Future prospects for the consumption of ultralightweight aggregates in loose fill insulation and loft insulation 263 20.1.7 Use of ultralightweight aggregates in concrete blocks/sections 263 20.1.7.1 Consumption of ultralightweight aggregates in concrete blocks/sections 264 20.1.7.2 Future prospects for the consumption of ultralightweight aggregates in concrete blocks/sections 264 20.1.8 Use of ultralightweight aggregates in acoustic tiles 264 20.1.8.1 Consumption of ultralightweight aggregates in acoustic tiles 265 20.1.8.2 Future prospects for the consumption of ultralightweight aggregates in acoustic tiles 265 20.1.9 Use of ultralightweight aggregates in filler applications 265 20.1.9.1 Consumption of ultralightweight aggregates in filler applications 266 20.1.9.2 Future prospects for the consumption of ultralightweight aggregates in filler applications 266 20.2 Use of ultralightweight aggregates in horticulture 267 20.2.1 Use of ultralightweight aggregates in growing media 267 20.2.2 Use of ultralightweight aggregates in hydroponics 268 20.2.3 Use of ultralightweight aggregates in seed germination 268 20.2.4 Use of ultralightweight aggregates in fertilisers/pesticides 268 20.2.5 Consumption of ultralightweight aggregates in horticultural applications 268 20.2.6 Future prospects for the consumption of ultralightweight aggregates in horticultural applications 269 20.3 Use of ultralightweight aggregates in industrial applications 269 20.3.1 Use of ultralightweight aggregates in high temperature insulation pre-formed shapes 269 20.3.2 Consumption of ultralightweight aggregates in high temperature insulation shapes 271 20.3.3 Use of ultralightweight aggregates in friction linings 271 20.3.3.1 Consumption of ultralightweight aggregates in friction linings 271 20.3.3.2 Future prospects for the consumption of ultralightweight aggregates in friction linings 271 20.3.4 Use of ultralightweight aggregates in refractory and high temperature insulation concretes/mortars 272 20.3.5 Use of ultralightweight aggregates in dispersions 273 20.3.6 Use of ultralightweight aggregates in paints/mastics/sealants/plastics 273 20.3.7 Use of ultralightweight aggregates in waste treatment 274 20.3.8 Use of ultralightweight aggregates in filtration 274 20.3.8.1 Consumption of ultralightweight aggregates in filtration 275 20.3.8.2 Future prospects for the consumption of ultralightweight aggregates in filtration 276 20.3.9 Use of ultralightweight aggregates in cryogenic insulation 276 20.3.10 Other uses for ultralightweight aggregates 277 20.3.10.1 Abrasives 277 20.3.10.2 Absorbents 277 20.3.10.3 Animal feed 278 20.3.10.4 Chemical feedstocks 278 20.3.10.5 Hot topping 278 20.3.10.6 Mine sealants 278 20.3.10.7 Stonewashing 279 20.3.10.8 Well drilling fluids 279 21 Prices of perlite, vermiculite and pumice 280 21.1 Pricing for the perlite processor (expander) 280 21.2 Pricing for the perlite end user 280 21.3 Published perlite prices 282 21.3.1 US prices of perlite 282 21.3.1.1 Unexpanded perlite 282 21.3.1.2 Expanded perlite 283 21.3.2 UK prices of perlite 285 21.3.3 Greek prices of perlite 286 21.3.4 Turkish prices of perlite 286 21.3.5 Hungarian prices of perlite 287 21.4 Future price trends for perlite 287 21.5 Pricing for the vermiculite processor (exfoliator) 288 21.6 Pricing for the vermiculite end user 289 21.7 Published vermiculite prices 290 21.7.1 US prices of vermiculite 290 21.7.2 South African prices of vermiculite 291 21.7.3 Chinese prices of vermiculite 293 21.7.4 Other prices of vermiculite 294 21.8 Future price trends for vermiculite 295 21.9 Pricing for the pumice/pumicite processor 296 21.1 Pricing for the pumice/pumicite end user 296 21.11 Published pumice/pumicite prices 297 21.11.1 US prices of pumice/pumicite 297 21.11.2 Turkish prices of pumice/pumicite 299 21.11.3 German prices of pumice/pumicite 300 21.11.4 Greek prices of pumice/pumicite 301 21.12 Future price trends for pumice/pumicite 302
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